LAND360 Blog

Achieving Biodiversity Net Gain: How Science Can Support Local Planning and Environmental Goals

Written by Fera Science | Jan 15, 2025 9:44:10 AM

As global awareness of biodiversity loss reaches critical levels, governments and local authorities are stepping up efforts to integrate biodiversity considerations into planning and development.

One mechanism for this is Biodiversity Net Gain (BNG), an approach that ensures new developments actively improve the natural environment, leaving it in a better state than before.

In the UK, the Environment Act 2021 has made BNG a legal requirement, mandating that certain developments deliver a minimum of 10% net gain in biodiversity. This legislation creates an unparalleled opportunity to embed science-driven solutions into local planning processes, ensuring economic growth and environmental preservation go hand in hand.

However, delivering BNG effectively will require local authorities to overcome significant challenges, ranging from skills shortages to the complexity of biodiversity measurement.

The Role of Biodiversity Net Gain for Local Authorities

Since February 2024, Local Planning Authorities (LPAs) have been required to approve planning applications, enforce environmental policies, and oversee land-use decisions in line with mandatory BNG requirements. 

Meeting these obligations represents a substantial shift in how local authorities operate, requiring new systems, processes, and expertise.

To support LPAs in preparing for these changes, DEFRA has outlined 10 actions that authorities can take to comply with BNG requirements. In summary, LPAs will need to:

  • Evaluate and process planning applications to ensure compliance with legal BNG requirements.
  • Review and approve biodiversity gain plans submitted by developers, ensuring they align with the 10% BNG mandate.
  • Establish obligations via legal agreements to secure offsite BNG delivery where on-site measures are insufficient.
  • Oversee adherence to planning conditions and agreements, ensuring long-term compliance with BNG obligations.
  • Provide updates on BNG delivery, tracking progress and strategies within their jurisdiction.

Challenges facing UK Local Authorities

While many councils are already taking steps to align with BNG mandates, significant hurdles remain:

  1. Skills shortages

BNG success requires a multidisciplinary skill set, including expertise in:

  • Ecological science: biodiversity measurement, impact assessments, and habitat restoration.
  • Data management: collecting, storing, and analysing biodiversity data to track compliance and report on performance over time.

Councils’ budgets are already stretched, limiting access to the necessary expertise and creating gaps in their ability to enforce BNG requirements effectively.

2. Complexity in measurement

Quantifying biodiversity gains and losses is technically complex and requires reliable tools and methodologies. Tools such as the Defra Biodiversity Metric 4.0 provide a standardised way to measure habitat changes, but their effective use depends on access to data and skilled practitioners.

Key limitations include: 

  • Establishing baselines: accurate pre-development biodiversity baselines are essential for calculating net gain but can be difficult to determine, particularly in areas with insufficient ecological records.
  • Monitoring long-term gains: ensuring biodiversity gains are sustained over time requires ongoing monitoring, reporting, and enforcement, which can be resource-intensive.

Unlock the power of science and data

To address these challenges, science and data must take centre stage. Science is not just a tool—it’s the foundation of informed, impactful action.

Leveraging advances in science, technology, and ecological research, local authorities can deliver on BNG requirements while creating meaningful benefits for communities and the natural environment.

Fera, bring over a century of scientific expertise to support local authorities in achieving their environmental sustainability objectives. Our LAND360 service connects you with science, ecology, and data. Through comprehensive landscape analysis, actionable insights, and innovative technologies to deliver meaningful biodiversity outcomes for both people and the planet.

In the ever-evolving policy landscape, it is essential for Local Planning Authorities (LPAs) to establish reliable, long-term partnerships with scientific and technical experts. By leveraging customised, science-driven solutions, LPAs can develop resilient strategies that not only ensure compliance with emerging legislation but also drive lasting positive impacts on biodiversity and the communities they serve

  • Tailored solutions:

Our LAND360 service can help you measure, monitor, evaluate, and evidence sustainability-driven initiatives, such as biodiversity net gain, with confidence and clarity.
  • A century of expertise:

With a rich history spanning over a century in scientific research and development, Fera offers unrivalled expertise and ecological understanding to help you get to grips with delivering what’s best for nature.
 

Planning ahead

To find out more about how Fera can provide a range of services to support LPAs in their efforts to enhance nature and biodiversity, please visit here (fera.co.uk).

 *The Construction Industry Research and Information Association (CIRIA) and Institute of Environmental Management and Assessment (IEMA) also partnered with CIEEM to create these industry best practices. https://cieem.net/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/Biodiversity-Net-Gain-Principles.pdf
 

More about LAND360

LAND360 is Fera's cutting-edge natural capital assessment service. Launched in 2022, it empowers LPAs, farmers, landowners, estate managers, and housing developers to make informed land use decisions. By accurately measuring and mapping existing land habitat features and modelling biodiversity offerings, LAND360 is a vital tool in the quest for sustainable development and biodiversity enhancement.